Native English speakers are sometimes uncomfortable with the word 'professor'. Why? Here is some vocabulary that will explain. (There may be some differences in North America)
A
teacher works in a school, or teaches something that requires creativity like art or music, or that you study for a lifetime, for example, yoga.
A
lecturer works in a university
A
professor is the academic with the highest position in a university department. This is the only way we formally use this word. A professor is an important person and has the title 'Professor' instead of 'Mr' or 'Ms'.
(In Australia there is a lower position called associate professor. We shorten this to AssPro. This is funny because there is a well-known pain-killing medicine here called 'Aspro'). Like Brazilians, we are often disrespectful of authority. The AssPros don't care, anyway. They probably use the name themselves.)
An
instructor teaches something that is more structured and is less artistic, such as in a gymnasium.
A
trainer teaches people to do things for work, such as customer service, or using computer software. A trainer also teaches animals
A
tutor works with you individually if you have difficulty with something at school. Also a tutor conducts practical exercises and discussion groups in a university.
A
coach helps you to improve something that you are already doing, for example in sport or business.
A
mentor is a more experienced person who gives you guidance in something that you want to do, so that you have the right attitude and you understand the whole picture.
When my daughter was studying to be a nurse (enfermeira) and she went to have experience in a hospital, she had a
preceptor. One doesn't hear that word very often these days!
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A
lesson happens in a school, or if you have a private teacher, for example, a violin teacher.
A
lecture (or
tutorial if it is a group discussion) happens at university (though the North American
class seems to be used more these days)
Class for a learning event is used in North America more often than in Australia. Here, you can use it generally, except when you are working alone with a teacher—that has to be a lesson. We use class for something more casual or ongoing, such as a cooking class.
(We also call a group of school students in one room a class)
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